Over the past four years, three European States have been hit with a wave of investment claims from solar power investors alleging violations of the Energy Charter Treaty and Bilateral Investment Treaties.

The Czech Republic and Italy have now prevailed in their first solar cases in which an award has been issued. Spain, after initially succeeding in two cases, has been found liable for breaches of the fair and equitable treatment standard but it is seeking to annul the adverse award. More details here.